Tax saving schemes with a purpose


Who does not want to save Rs 60,000 in taxes? That’s why everyone in the know makes a beeline for the various tax-saving investments that avail you a tax deduction of Rs 2 lakh. But they often make the mistake of buying tax saving schemes without much thought to other factors. After all, there is more meaning to them than just tax-saving. Income tax saving options are investments meant to earn returns and help you fulfil different dreams in life. The numbers can prove this to you. Have a look:
Tax saving with a purpose
Let’s say you invest Rs 1.5 lakh, your mandatory 80C tax-saving investments, on a monthly basis throughout the year. You then end up investing Rs 12,500 every month the whole year. Now, thanks to the power of compounding, this amount earns you returns every month. And with time, even the returns compound to expand your wealth. Pretty soon, the wealth your investment generates would dwarf the Rs 45,000 you saved in tax.
Now this happens in two key phases.
1) Accumulation Phase: This is the pre-retirement phase wherein you invest Rs 12,500 per month for the entire earning period till the age of 60. This is how your investments grow over a span of 35 years (assuming you being at the age of 25)


2) Retirement Phase: Then comes the post-retirement period when you let the investments grow without redeeming the entire amount. You may not need any further contribution in this phase. All you need to do is redeem your investments partly--as and when needed for your regular monthly expenses. This way, your investments grow continuously for years together.
In such a case, after another 20 years, your portfolio can grow further as below:


Similarly, other goals can be fulfilled too. To fulfil major goals and associated expenses, you can simply withdraw from the investment corpus as and when needed. And if you choose the right tax-saving investment option, such redemptions have zero tax implications too.
This applies to all kinds of goals, whether they are time-bound or not. For example:
Child Higher Education: If your child needs say Rs 20 lakh by the time you turn 45 years of age (20 years after you first started investing), then all you need to do is redeem that amount while also continuing the investments. The entire focus of this plan is to continue the investments without a break! Alternately, you could choose an investment that gives you an annual payout like a Money-back insurance plan. You time the investment such that the payouts synchronise with your child’s fee payments, etc.
Secondary source of income: Almost all the tax-saving investment options you have offer some kind of regular payment. This could be in the form of interest payments or dividend distributions. Over a period of time, when your corpus grows large, even a minuscule interest or dividend payout can amount to large sums. These can be tax-efficient modes of getting a secondary income. You can use these to fulfil other dreams like travelling, etc.
The bottom line
Consider additional tax saving options other than 80c. Your tax saving investments options, if planned properly, can turn out to be a sweet spot in your investment portfolio. But remember, these investments need to be planned and chosen with great care. Only then can they help meet your long-term financial goals.
At IndiaNivesh, the wealth management team can help you make such wise tax-saving decisions that also fulfil various life goals. Click here to know more.
What next?
We’ve spoken so much about tax planning and tax saving, what they are and how they benefit you. But let’s move to the key information—how to plan your taxes.
Disclaimer
Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.
PREVIOUS STORY

What is tax planning?
As an honest citizen of the country, it is your duty to pay your taxes. However, every investor is looking to save as much tax as possible. This can be made possible through tax saving investments. The need of tax planning is absolutely necessary to save a substantial amount of your finances. This is because taxes can eat a big chunk of your total investment returns every year. Therefore, through proper tax planning, you can create a strategy that allows you to minimise your tax liability every year.What is tax planning?Tax planning is a process of analysing and evaluating an individual’s financial profile. The aim of this activity is to minimise the amount of taxes you pay on your personal income. In short, employing ways that the government has provided to save tax is a perfectly legal method to cut down your annual tax liability. There are a number of tax saving investments in India that are useful in saving money.What constitutes tax planningThere are three key characteristics of tax planning—investing to reduce taxes; planning your finances in such a way that you attract the least amount of tax, and the process of tax filing. As a result, tax planning affects all aspects of your money matters. Let’s understand this better:Tax saving opportunities available for everyoneThere is a whole range of income tax sections that allow you to legally benefit from tax-saving. A popular and easy avenue for taxpayers to avail tax deduction is to employ Section 80C of the Income Tax Act. Section 80C can allow you to claim a deduction of Rs 1.5 lakh on your taxable income.However, there are a lot of other sections that can offer you huge tax benefits. Some of the provisions in the Income Tax Act are: Sections 80D, 80DD, 80EE, 80G and 24(b). Not many people are not aware of all the tax-saving options available to them. For instance, did you know that under Section 80G, donations made to certain charitable organisations are eligible for tax deductions?Taking tax-efficient decisionsThere’s more to tax than investments. It affects every single aspect of your life—from salaries and income sources to expenditure to financial decisions. And this is a key aspect of tax planning—it helps you make decisions that lower your tax burden. For example, let’s say you have to choose between two investment options. A tax planner helps you choose the best option while keeping in mind both returns as well as tax efficiency. Another example is ensuring your income is structured in the most tax-efficient way. Tax audit and filingThe last key aspect of tax planning is the actual tax filing. This is when you take into account all aspects of your finance—income, expenses, debt, and investments—and then calculate your tax liability. Then, there’s all paperwork and documentation involved in paying your tax and filling your tax returns. How IndiaNivesh can helpOur Wealth Management team is well equipped to help you plan your investments while keeping in mind the taxation aspects. This can help you grow your wealth and save tax at the same time. Click here to know more about our Wealth Management division.In conclusionAs taxpayers, knowing and being aware of all kinds of taxes can help on planning the financial year well. This will not only help you save more money, you can also create a better financial plan for your family. That’s why it is very important to make sure you have a tax plan in mind whenever you plan to invest your money.DisclaimerInvestment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing
NEXT STORY

Know the Difference between Tax Deduction and Exemption
Every industry comes with its technicalities, and the income tax institution also has its own set of jargon. Some expressions may have more than one implication considering its usage, while some phrases may have analogous significances but diverse applications. For instance, the difference between exemption and deduction is not clear to all, even though both are useful in minimising the amount of taxable income. However, the difference between exemption and deduction in income tax are applied to different fields of your taxes.If you are earning an income, then sooner or later, you are bound to hear the words ‘Income tax’. However, there is a difference between exemption and deduction. The quantum of tax you may have to pay every fiscal year is usually based on how much you earn, your tax-filing status and so on. Luckily, the Income Tax Act has offered various provisions that allow you to reduce the amount you pay as tax. But before you take advantage of your tax benefits, you need to understand the jargons thoroughly.For example, take the two terms: Tax deduction and tax exemption. A lot of people can be confused between exemption vs deduction and may use the two words interchangeably. However, the differences between exemption and deduction are plenty. So, let’s find out the main differences between tax deduction vs tax exemption.Tax deductionTax deduction refers to the amount of money that is reduced from your total taxable income. The final tax payable is calculated depending on the balance ‘taxable income’. Tax deductions aim to promote the culture of savings and investments among the general public.However, it is good to know that tax deduction is only allowed on specific investments or expenses incurred by the taxpayer. This includes medical fees, transportation charges, donations made to charities, investments made in specific avenues such as Equity Linked Saving Scheme funds (ELSS), Public Provident Fund (PPF) and National Pension Scheme (NPS).The Income Tax Act sections between 80C and 80U deal with all the deductions available to taxpayers.Tax ExemptionIn the world of taxation, the word ‘exemption’ means exclusion. So, if a particular income is exempt from tax, it will not be included in the total revenue for tax purposes. This reduces the total taxable income of a taxpayer. All exemptions are dealt with under Section 10 of the Income Tax Act.While certain incomes such as agricultural income are completely exempt from taxation, there are other incomes that are partially exempted from tax. This means only the portion of income that exceeds the exemption is subject to tax. This includes: a) House Rent Allowance (HRA)b) Leave Travel Allowance (LTA)c) Entertainment Allowanced) Special allowances to meet personal expensese) Long-term capital gains on equity fundsTax deduction vs tax exemptionTax exemption applies to all taxpayers in the country. For instance, the amount paid to a salaried employee as HRA is not taxable. However, tax deduction applies only to those who qualify for the specific criteria. For instance, Section 80D of the Income Tax Act can be used to claim deductions on premiums paid for medical insurance policies. Even though Income Tax is a mandatory responsibility to be paid by every citizen, based on his or her paying capacity, age, and gender, taxpayers can obtain relief through the various provisions to reduce their overall tax financial obligation. Understanding the difference between exemption and deduction in income tax can help in making smarter decisions before the annual tax planning process commences. DisclaimerInvestment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.
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What is a Unit Linked Insurance Plan, Types & Benefits
Posted by Rushabh H. Mehta | Published on 06 Mar 2020What is ULIP? Insurance plans are meant to provide financial security to you so that in case of premature demise, your family does not face any financial trouble. Though insurance plans provide unmatched financial security, many individuals also seek good investment returns on their premiums. Keeping this sentiment in mind, ULIPs were launched in the year 2000 when private life insurers were also allowed to operate in the insurance domain. Today, ULIPs have become quite popular, and insurance companies are offering different types of ULIPs to their customers. Let’s understand ULIP meaning in detail and its benefits – What is a ULIP plan? ULIP’s full form is Unit Linked Insurance Plan. A ULIP is an investment-oriented life insurance plan. The plan gives you the dual benefits of investment returns and insurance coverage. The premiums that you pay for the plan are invested in market-linked investment funds, which offer attractive growth. Returns under ULIPs are, therefore, not guaranteed but can be attractive if given time. How do ULIPs work? ULIPs are considered to be a transparent insurance plan as the premiums you pay, and the growth can be easily monitored. When you buy a ULIP, you can decide the amount of premium you wish to pay (provided it is at least the minimum required premium under the plan). The sum assured is then calculated based on the amount of premium paid. ULIPs have different kinds of investment funds which include the following – Equity fund wherein at least 65% of the portfolio is invested in equity-oriented securities Debt fund wherein at least 65% of the portfolio is invested in debt-oriented securities Balanced fund which combines both equity and debt investments for moderate risks and moderate returns You can choose one or more of these investment funds as per your risk appetite. After that, relevant charges are deducted from the premium, and the premium is directed towards the selected fund. As the value of the underlying assets grows, the value of the fund grows. Your investment in the fund also grows, and you get market-linked returns. ULIPs also provide you with various flexible benefits which are as follows – Switching – under switching, you can change the investment funds if your investment preference has changed Partial withdrawal – you are allowed the flexibility of withdrawing from your fund value partially after the first five years of the policy have expired Top-ups – additional investments can be done towards the plan through top-up premiums Premium redirection – you can choose to redirect your subsequent premiums to another fund from the next policy year under this facility Surrender of the plan – if the first five years of the policy have been completed, you can surrender your policy to terminate the coverage before the chosen term. When the policy is surrendered, the available fund value is paid as surrender value, and the plan is terminated. Benefits payable under ULIPs Under most unit-linked plans, you get either a death benefit or a maturity benefit. These benefits are as follows – Death benefit – the death benefit is higher of the available fund value as on the date of death or the sum assured. If the fund value is higher than the sum assured, the fund value is paid otherwise, the sum assured is paid. Maturity benefit – when the term of the plan comes to an end, the fund value is paid as maturity benefit. The maturity benefit can be taken in a lump sum, or you can also avail the benefit in instalments over the next five years through the settlement option feature, which is available under most unit-linked plans. Types of ULIPs Though ULIPs are aimed at creating wealth, there are different types of ULIPs based on the financial goal that they fulfil. These types include the following – Investment ULIPs Investment ULIPs are the most common unit-linked plans which aim to create wealth over the term of the policy. Child ULIPs Child ULIPs are especially designed unit-linked plans for the financial security of the child if the parent is not around. Under these plans, the parent is insured while the child is the beneficiary. These plans have an inbuilt premium waiver rider. If the parent dies during the policy tenure, the death benefit is paid. However, the plan does not terminate. The policy continues, and future premiums are paid by the company on behalf of the insured parent. On maturity of the policy, the fund value is again paid as the maturity benefit which provides the child with the financial corpus needed to pursue his/her dreams. Pension ULIPs These are other specific unit-linked plans which help in creating a retirement fund. Pension ULIPs are deferred annuity plans wherein you pay premiums during the policy tenure to build up a retirement corpus. In case of death, the death benefit is paid. However, if the policy matures, pension ULIPs allow you to receive annuity pay-outs from the corpus created or defer the vesting age from which you would receive an annuity, or withdraw 1/3rd of the corpus in cash and use the remaining fund value to receive annuity payments. Thus, pension ULIPs create a source of income after retirement and are suitable for individuals looking to fulfil their retirement planning needs. Benefits of ULIP A ULIP is popular because of the following benefits it provides – It allows you to avail insurance coverage as well as investment returns in a single product The premiums paid and the benefits received under ULIPs are completely tax-free in nature helping you save tax The flexible benefits of ULIPs allow you to manage your investments as per your investment strategy The different types of ULIPs help you fulfil the various financial goals that you might have Switching and partial withdrawals do not attract any tax making ULIPs tax efficient Since the returns are market-linked, you get inflation-adjusted returns from ULIP ULIPs are attractive insurance policies that give you coverage as well as returns. Now that you understand ULIP meaning, its types and advantages, use our IndiaNivesh platform to invest in a plan as per your insurance and investment needs and enjoy all the benefits that the plan has to offer. Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.
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What is CAGR & How to Calculate it?
Posted by Rushabh H. Mehta | Published on 06 Mar 2020There are different types of investment avenues in the market and each of these avenues promises you a compounded rate of growth if you remain invested. Compounding of return means earning a return on the return earlier generated. So, if you invest INR 100 and earn a return of 10% in the first year, the amount would become INR 110. Thereafter, in the second year, you would earn 10% on INR 110 giving you a return of INR 11. This compounding helps grow and multiply your wealth considerably over a period of time. In the case of market-linked investments, the rate of return is not guaranteed. It varies over the investment period. To know the average rate of return on your investments, the concept of CAGR is used. Let’s understand what CAGR is and how it helps you find the growth of your market-linked investments. What is CAGR? CAGR’s full-form is Compound Annual Growth Rate. The Compound Annual Growth Rate, in simple terms, is the average rate of return of an investment over a one year period. CAGR takes into account two important factors - the time period of the investment and the fluctuations in the return. Since the returns vary depending on the market fluctuation, finding the return over a specific time period becomes difficult. CAGR gives you the average growth rate offered by the investment over the said time period. CAGR shows the approximate growth rate considering that there is no market fluctuation and that the returns earned are reinvested into the investment. How to calculate CAGR? It is very easy to calculate CAGR. There is a CAGR formula which you can use to find the Compound Annual Growth Rate of your investment. The CAGR formula needs three important details which are as follows – Value of the investment made initially (VI) Term of investment (T) Value of the investment at the end of the term (VE) Using these three inputs, the CAGR formula becomes – CAGR = (VE / VI) ^ (1/T) – 1 Let’s understand with an example – Mr. A invested INR 10,000 in a market-linked investment avenue. After 3 years, the value of his investments stands at INR 13,500. The CAGR for Mr.A’s investment could be calculated as below – VI – INR 10,000 T = 3 years VE = INR 13,500 CAGR = (13500/10000) ^ (1/3) – 1 = 10.52% How CAGR helps understand the mutual fund growth rate? Mutual funds are market-linked investment avenues which do not offer a guaranteed rate of return. Since the returns are subject to market fluctuations, CAGR becomes an accurate tool to measure the performance of the fund over a specified period. Investors can check the annual CAGR of mutual fund schemes and use the rate to find out which scheme offers better returns than others. The fact sheet offered by the mutual fund house contains returns generated by the fund over different time frames. These returns can prove to be confusing and so CAGR is an easier alternative to understand the performance of the fund. CAGR acts as a ready reckoner for investors to assess returns from a mutual fund scheme and also highlights the compounding of returns on mutual fund investments. Important points to know about CAGR The investment risk inherent in the scheme is not highlighted by CAGR. CAGR is merely a yardstick to measure the growth rate CAGR proves to be a good measure of growth for a short-term period, i.e. up to 6 or 7 years. If you are considering long-term investments, the growth trends over a short-term period would be averaged out. In such cases, CAGR would give an average rate even if the fund performed excessively well in a two or three year period and then the returns fell in later years. CAGR changes every year since the investment period changes CAGR for two investment funds can match one another even if the funds are different. This might happen if one fund performed well initially and the other one performed well in the last few years. As a result, the performance is averaged out and the CAGR Other modes of calculating returns from investments Besides CAGR, there are other ways to calculate the returns generated by market-linked investments. These ways are as follows – Returns since launch Under this model, the return earned by the fund ever since it was launched and till the present date is calculated. Trailing returns Under the trailing returns approach, you measure the performance of your fund daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly or annually. Annualised returns Annualised returns are calculated as the geometric average of the return yielded by the fund over a given period of time. CAGR v/s Absolute returns Absolute returns measure the total return yielded by an investment. The time period is not considered. CAGR, on the other hand, measures the return over a specific time period. For instance, in the previous example, INR 10,000 grew to INR 13,500 over a 3-year period. The absolute return would be 35% since it measures the total return earned on the investment. However, when CAGR is considered, the time period of investments is also taken into consideration thereby considering the time value of money. As such, CAGR comes to 10.52% which is a more realistic figure. While absolute returns show the returns generated, the time period is missing. You cannot figure out how many years it took the investment to generate this return. But CAGR shows you the annual return making it easier to make a judgement on the performance of the fund. The next time you invest in mutual funds, stocks or other market-linked investment avenues, consider their CAGR to choose the fund or investment which has better returns over its peers. So, visit IndiaNivesh and find out a mutual fund scheme of your choice and then compare the scheme’s CAGR with its peers to choose the best performing fund. Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.
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Capital Market – Meaning, Types & Functions of Capital Market
Posted by Mehul Kothari | Published on 20 Nov 2019We all know how various companies and industries raise funds for their short term requirement through the money market. However, when they need funds for long term, capital market is their source. The capital market is just like the money market but with a difference that funds raised in the capital market can be used only for long term. In this article, you will learn about the concept of capital market in detail. Let us first understand what is the capital market? Understanding Capital Market Capital market in simple words means the market for long term investments. These investments have a lock-in period of more than one year. Here, the buyers and sellers transact in capital market instruments like bonds, debt instruments, debentures, shares, derivative market instruments like swaps, ETFs, futures, options, etc. Let us now understand the types of capital market. Types of Capital Market The capital market is of two types i.e. Primary Market and Secondary Market. Primary Market The primary market is also called “New Issue Market” where a company brings Initial Public Offer (IPO) to get itself listed on the stock exchange for the first time. In the primary market, the mobilisation of funds is done through right issue, private placement and prospectus. The funds collected by the company in the IPO is used for its future expansion and growth. Primary markets help the investors to put their savings into companies that are looking to expand their enterprises. Secondary Market The secondary market is a type of capital market where the securities that are already listed on the exchange are traded. The trading done on the stock exchange and over the counter falls under the secondary market. Examples of secondary markets in India are National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). After learning about the types of capital market, let us now learn about the capital market instruments through which money is raised. Ways of Raising Funds Offer through Prospectus In the primary market, the prospectus is used to raise funds. The company invites the investors and the general public through an advertisement known as the prospectus to subscribe to the shares of the company. The shares or debentures are allotted to the public on the basis of subscription. If the company receives a high subscription then allotment is done to them on pro-rata basis. The company hires merchant bankers, brokers or underwriters to sell the shares to the public. Private Placement Some companies try to avoid the IPO route to raise funds as it is very costly. Instead, they give investment opportunity to few individuals via private placement. Here the companies can offer their shares for sale to select individuals, financial institutions, insurance companies and banks. This way they can raise funds quickly and economically. Rights Issue The structure of capital market allows the companies in need of additional funds to first approach their current investors before looking at the other sources for finance. The right issue gives the current investors the first opportunity to make additional investments in the company. The allotment of right shares is done on pro-rata basis. However, if the current shareholders of the company do not want to exercise their rights, the shares can be offered to the public. e-IPO e-IPO means Electronic Initial Public Offer. e-IPO is an agreement between the stock exchange and the company to offer its shares to the public through online mode. It is a fast and speedy process. The company here needs to appoint registrar to the issue and brokers to accept the application received from the public. The above mentioned are the ways of raising funds through the capital market. Let us now learn about the various functions of the capital market. Functions of the Capital Market Helps in the movement of capital from the people who save money to the people who are in need of it. Assists in the financing of long term projects of the companies. Encourages investors to own the range of productive assets. Minimises the transaction cost. Helps in the faster valuation of financial securities like debentures and shares. Creates liquidity in the market by facilitating the trading of securities in the secondary market. Offers cover against price or market risks through the trading of derivative instruments. Helps in efficient capital allocation by way of competitive price mechanism. Helps in liquidity creation and regulation of funds. The above mentioned are the functions of the capital market. The capital market performs its functions with the help of buyers and sellers who interact and transact. The structure of the Indian capital market is well regulated and highly organised. The capital markets may be sometimes termed risky because they do not give fixed returns annually. But when looked from a long term perspective, their performance has always been good and rewarding for the investors. If you want to learn more about the capital market or put your savings in the capital market, you can contact IndiaNivesh Ltd.Disclaimer: "Investment in securities market and Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing."
PREVIOUS STORY

What is tax planning?
As an honest citizen of the country, it is your duty to pay your taxes. However, every investor is looking to save as much tax as possible. This can be made possible through tax saving investments. The need of tax planning is absolutely necessary to save a substantial amount of your finances. This is because taxes can eat a big chunk of your total investment returns every year. Therefore, through proper tax planning, you can create a strategy that allows you to minimise your tax liability every year.What is tax planning?Tax planning is a process of analysing and evaluating an individual’s financial profile. The aim of this activity is to minimise the amount of taxes you pay on your personal income. In short, employing ways that the government has provided to save tax is a perfectly legal method to cut down your annual tax liability. There are a number of tax saving investments in India that are useful in saving money.What constitutes tax planningThere are three key characteristics of tax planning—investing to reduce taxes; planning your finances in such a way that you attract the least amount of tax, and the process of tax filing. As a result, tax planning affects all aspects of your money matters. Let’s understand this better:Tax saving opportunities available for everyoneThere is a whole range of income tax sections that allow you to legally benefit from tax-saving. A popular and easy avenue for taxpayers to avail tax deduction is to employ Section 80C of the Income Tax Act. Section 80C can allow you to claim a deduction of Rs 1.5 lakh on your taxable income.However, there are a lot of other sections that can offer you huge tax benefits. Some of the provisions in the Income Tax Act are: Sections 80D, 80DD, 80EE, 80G and 24(b). Not many people are not aware of all the tax-saving options available to them. For instance, did you know that under Section 80G, donations made to certain charitable organisations are eligible for tax deductions?Taking tax-efficient decisionsThere’s more to tax than investments. It affects every single aspect of your life—from salaries and income sources to expenditure to financial decisions. And this is a key aspect of tax planning—it helps you make decisions that lower your tax burden. For example, let’s say you have to choose between two investment options. A tax planner helps you choose the best option while keeping in mind both returns as well as tax efficiency. Another example is ensuring your income is structured in the most tax-efficient way. Tax audit and filingThe last key aspect of tax planning is the actual tax filing. This is when you take into account all aspects of your finance—income, expenses, debt, and investments—and then calculate your tax liability. Then, there’s all paperwork and documentation involved in paying your tax and filling your tax returns. How IndiaNivesh can helpOur Wealth Management team is well equipped to help you plan your investments while keeping in mind the taxation aspects. This can help you grow your wealth and save tax at the same time. Click here to know more about our Wealth Management division.In conclusionAs taxpayers, knowing and being aware of all kinds of taxes can help on planning the financial year well. This will not only help you save more money, you can also create a better financial plan for your family. That’s why it is very important to make sure you have a tax plan in mind whenever you plan to invest your money.DisclaimerInvestment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing
NEXT STORY

Know the Difference between Tax Deduction and Exemption
Every industry comes with its technicalities, and the income tax institution also has its own set of jargon. Some expressions may have more than one implication considering its usage, while some phrases may have analogous significances but diverse applications. For instance, the difference between exemption and deduction is not clear to all, even though both are useful in minimising the amount of taxable income. However, the difference between exemption and deduction in income tax are applied to different fields of your taxes.If you are earning an income, then sooner or later, you are bound to hear the words ‘Income tax’. However, there is a difference between exemption and deduction. The quantum of tax you may have to pay every fiscal year is usually based on how much you earn, your tax-filing status and so on. Luckily, the Income Tax Act has offered various provisions that allow you to reduce the amount you pay as tax. But before you take advantage of your tax benefits, you need to understand the jargons thoroughly.For example, take the two terms: Tax deduction and tax exemption. A lot of people can be confused between exemption vs deduction and may use the two words interchangeably. However, the differences between exemption and deduction are plenty. So, let’s find out the main differences between tax deduction vs tax exemption.Tax deductionTax deduction refers to the amount of money that is reduced from your total taxable income. The final tax payable is calculated depending on the balance ‘taxable income’. Tax deductions aim to promote the culture of savings and investments among the general public.However, it is good to know that tax deduction is only allowed on specific investments or expenses incurred by the taxpayer. This includes medical fees, transportation charges, donations made to charities, investments made in specific avenues such as Equity Linked Saving Scheme funds (ELSS), Public Provident Fund (PPF) and National Pension Scheme (NPS).The Income Tax Act sections between 80C and 80U deal with all the deductions available to taxpayers.Tax ExemptionIn the world of taxation, the word ‘exemption’ means exclusion. So, if a particular income is exempt from tax, it will not be included in the total revenue for tax purposes. This reduces the total taxable income of a taxpayer. All exemptions are dealt with under Section 10 of the Income Tax Act.While certain incomes such as agricultural income are completely exempt from taxation, there are other incomes that are partially exempted from tax. This means only the portion of income that exceeds the exemption is subject to tax. This includes: a) House Rent Allowance (HRA)b) Leave Travel Allowance (LTA)c) Entertainment Allowanced) Special allowances to meet personal expensese) Long-term capital gains on equity fundsTax deduction vs tax exemptionTax exemption applies to all taxpayers in the country. For instance, the amount paid to a salaried employee as HRA is not taxable. However, tax deduction applies only to those who qualify for the specific criteria. For instance, Section 80D of the Income Tax Act can be used to claim deductions on premiums paid for medical insurance policies. Even though Income Tax is a mandatory responsibility to be paid by every citizen, based on his or her paying capacity, age, and gender, taxpayers can obtain relief through the various provisions to reduce their overall tax financial obligation. Understanding the difference between exemption and deduction in income tax can help in making smarter decisions before the annual tax planning process commences. DisclaimerInvestment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.