Investing in Mutual Funds: SIP vs Lumpsum


In life, you are often presented with two choices in front of you. It can range from something as simple as: should I take the right turn or the left turn. Sometimes, it can be more complicated like: should I continue with my current job or start my own company. You may not always know which option to choose. But with ample information and the pros and cons of each choice, making your decision gets easier.
Same is the case with mutual fund investments. Lots of investors are not sure whether to invest through Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) or in one go. In this article, you can find out which option works best for you.
What is SIP investment?
Systematic Investment Plan or SIP is a method of investing in mutual funds. Here, you invest a fixed amount of money in a fund on a regular basis. This could be monthly, quarterly or a semi-annual basis.
What is lumpsum investment?
In a lumpsum strategy, you invest a large sum of money in mutual funds at one go. For instance, if you have an amount of Rs 5 lakh and you invest it all in one go in a mutual fund, this would be a lumpsum investment.
Advantages of SIP
1) Ideal for beginners
SIP involves investing a fixed amount of money in a fund at regular intervals. So, if you are a novice investor and you wish to gain exposure to the market, this is the best way to do it. This is because you can invest even small amounts (as little as Rs 500) in a fund each month. And as your income grows, you can consider increasing your investment amounts.
2) Rupee cost averaging
When you invest steadily in a fund each month, you don’t have to worry about timing the market. When the market is high, you buy lower number of units and when the market is low, you buy a larger number of units. This is known as rupee cost averaging. By investing for a longer period of time, you can earn high returns without strategies like market timing.
3) Investment discipline
In an SIP mutual fund, you have to invest money on a regular basis. This offers you the opportunity to inculcate investment discipline. And the best part is, you can directly give a standing instruction to transfer a fixed amount of money from your bank account to the fund. As a result, you can watch your funds grow right in front of your eyes.
Advantage of lump sum investment
1) Ideal for large sums
As the name suggests, this method is ideal for large sums of money. So, in case you have large amounts of money, it is better to invest in a lump sum instead of letting it lie idle. Businessmen, for example, generally have an irregular cash cycle. For these people, it may be better to invest in lumpsum instead of SIPs.
2) Convenience
When you make a lump sum investment, you only do it once or twice a year. As a result, you don’t have to worry about meeting future payments on a regular basis.
3) Potential for high returns
One of the biggest advantages of lump sum investments is that you have the potential to earn high returns. For instance, when you invest large sums of money when the market is low, you have the potential to earn high returns when the market rises again. However, this is only possible if you are able to correctly time the market. That’s why, this method is more suitable for more experienced investors who have the ability to stomach market volatility.
Conclusion: Which is better?
Now, which is better: SIPs or lumpsum? Well, that depends. Both of these options are good. However, based on factors like investment amount and experience, you need to decide which type of investment is more suitable for you. You can also use a strategy to use a combination of both SIP and lump sum to maximise your returns.
Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.
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How to select the right mutual fund scheme
Mutual funds are a great way to invest your money and earn good returns in the future. But at the same time, you also know that mutual funds are subject to market risks. It is possible to lose money when you invest in mutual funds. Every advertisement on TV regarding mutual fund performance mentions this. So, how can you select the right mutual funds for your portfolio to achieve investment success?Well, let’s find out some of the factors you need to keep in mind before selecting a mutual fund1) Fund performanceImagine you have a long-term financial goal like buying a house. You know that you want to invest in equity funds. You may be interested in a particular fund. But is that the right choice for you? One of the first steps is to look at the mutual fund performance ranking. Look at the past reports of the fund to get a better idea of its performance. However, don’t look only at the recent performance. You need to analyse the fund’s performance over a significant period -so that you have adequate information to aid in decision making. This activity helps you get a snapshot of its past performance but it is important to remember that best mutual fund scheme performance is not the sole criterion to select a fund. 2) Experience level of the fund managerThe fund manager’s role is to ensure a mutual fund meets its financial goals at the right time. And to achieve this goal, a fund manager has to move funds accordingly, between different investing instruments. The fund manager has a very important role in the overall performance of the fund. So, as the investor, you need to take a look at the fund manager’s experience and past performance. You can also take a look at some of the other funds under his control. See how these funds have performed to get a better idea of the best mutual fund scheme to invest. 3) Expense ratioExpense ratio is the annual fee that is charged on mutual funds. This fee can vary between different kinds of funds. This depends on various factors such as the size of the fund and the category of investment. In addition, the investment strategy can also determine the expense ratio of a fund. For example, passive index funds which require limited investment strategy have lower expense ratios. Expense ratio is an important factor to look at because it can have an impact on your profits. Higher the expense ratio, lower will be your returns. 4) Exit loadExit load is a fee that is collected by the fund house when an investor leaves the mutual fund scheme. This cost is generally deducted as a fraction of your Net Asset Value (NAV). Compare different fund houses and identify which of them offer lower exit loads. This can help you retain a significant portion of your earnings at the time you leave the fund.The last wordThere are thousands of mutual funds in the market. Identifying the right fund for your portfolio is an important task in order to select the best mutual fund scheme for sip. By looking at the above factors, you can select any or a number of the best 10 mutual fund scheme that can help you maximize your returns in the long run.A number of useful resources are available that can help you to choose the right mutual fund. If you need in-depth guidance and assistance in selecting the right fund according to your risk appetite, you can opt for the expert services of a financial advisor. It is crucial to be restrained, reasonable and stay away from being influenced by short-term price fluctuations in the market. At the end of the day, it is essential to remember your financial objectives and the ultimate goal to build wealth in the end.Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.
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Mistakes to avoid while investing in debt
Remember the first time you tried to swim? You probably swung your arms and legs in every direction trying to stay afloat in the water. But when the coach came and corrected your mistakes, you started swimming better. It is always easy to perform a task in a better way once you know the mistakes that you’d naturally make. This way, you can avoid the mistakes altogether and concentrate on the task. Same is the case with investments such as debt instruments. In this article, let’s explore some of the common mistakes to avoid while investing in debt instruments. 1) Investing in low-quality bondsDon’t invest in bonds that have a low credit quality. Each and every bond in the market is given a grade to indicate its credit quality. Independent rating services offer these ratings on bonds. Bonds with a rating of AAA (or Aaa) are investment grade bonds and are considered to be of the highest quality. In comparison, bonds with a rating of B or C are considered to be junk bonds. Such bonds offer a higher rate of interest in order to attract investors. Avoid bonds as a debt investment if you are interested in stable and consistent returns. 2) Ignoring inflationDebt instruments like bonds offer stable returns and reduce volatility in your portfolio. However, in the long term, the returns may not be very high. This can be a big problem when inflation comes into the equation. For instance, imagine you buy a 15-year bond that offers 5% fixed coupon rate. Since the returns remain constant, your purchasing power may in fact come down over the years due to inflation. Keeping this in mind, it is a good idea to expand your horizon and incorporate investments that offer higher returns to your portfolio. 3) Investment-goal mismatchIdentify your investment goals and invest accordingly such as in short term debt instruments. It sounds simple but surprisingly, many investors make mistakes in this aspect. For example, the common goal of people nearing retirement is to earn a little income in addition to capital protection. Here, the priority is capital security. In this scenario, investing in emerging market debt or a junk bond may not be the right decision. Instead look for a bond (government bonds, for example) that offers low volatility and capital safety. 4) Selling bonds when interest rates riseBond prices have an inverse relationship with interest rates. That means, when interest rates rise up, bond prices go down and vice versa. As a result, the price of a bond can vary subject to the change in interest rates. Many fixed income investors tend to dispose their investments based on these fluctuations. However, this is not the right option. It is best to hold your securitised debt instruments until the maturity date. This is because of the simple fact that you could end up with a loss in case you sell your bond and the interest rates move in the opposite direction.To sum upDebt instruments are known to offer stable returns and safety of capital (not to forget peace of mind). However, it is important to avoid the above mistakes investing in debt so that you can achieve the best returns possible on your investments.A number of investors have learnt that it is wise to invest steadily in the market. However, only a few of them track their investment performance on a regular basis. An appropriate review of your debt funds' performance can assure you stay aligned with your investment objectives. It is a good idea to comb out the funds that are not offering returns as good as their counterparts. However, a crucial point is that investors must provide sizeable amount of time to grow their debt instruments. In theory, a time frame a year and upwards must be given to a debt investment to obtain decent yields.Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.
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IPO Process - 5 Steps for Successful Listing in India
Posted by Mehul Kothari | Published on 14 Jan 2020The last two years have proven to be very fruitful for the IPO (Initial Public Offer) market. Investors have cashed in the opportunity and made huge returns in the IPO. The journey of the company to offer its shares to the public is exciting and at the same time, it also offers an opportunity to the investors to reap the benefits of IPO. Seeing the performance of recent IPOs, the attention of investors towards it is at an all-time high and they are always on a lookout for the new opportunities to arrive. When a private company decides to go public, the initial public offering process starts. The companies go public to raise a huge amount of capital in the exchange of securities. An IPO is an important stage for the growth of any company because they have access to public capital which enhances their credibility and exposure. The initial public offering process in India is regulated by the ‘Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In this article, you will learn about 5 steps of the IPO process for a successful listing on the Indian stock exchange. IPO Process in India Step 1: Selection of an Investment Banker for Underwriting Process Before understanding the IPO process, let us understand what underwriting is. Underwriting is a process in which the shares of the companies are issued and sold during the initial public offering. During this process investment bank advices and gives suggestions to the company against a fee. The investment banker understands the financial situation of the company and accordingly suggests them plans to meet their financial needs. They sign an underwriting agreement with the company. The agreement has all the details about the deal and the amount that will be raised by issuing securities. The companies may select an investment bank after determining various factors such as the reputation of the bank, expertise in the process, quality of their equity research and experience in the sector they deal. All these factors help in selling the IPO to the investors, traders and retailers. Step 2: Due Diligence and Regulation Process After the selection of the investment banker, the company is required to make an initial registration statement as per the regulations of the SEBI. In this process, the company and the underwriters submit the SEBI its fiscal data and the future plans of the company. The company is also required to give the declaration about the usage of funds that will be raised from IPO procedure. This declaration ensures that the company has given each and every disclosure that an investor must know. The company must file various versions of the prospectus from the initial stage to the final stage with the investors. The prospectus consists of the company’s details like valuation of the company, risk and rewards of the investment along with other details. This IPO process ends with the filing of the above-mentioned documents. Step 3: Pricing The final price of the Initial Public Offering is determined by the investors. The investment bank markets the IPO. To attract the public to the IPO application process, they are priced at a discount. By issuing shares at discount, the share performs well when they are listed on the stock exchanges. The price of the stock during IPO procedure can be a fixed price with the price mentioned in the order document. On the other hand, a book building issue will have a price band within the bids that can be made by the investor. Step 4: Stock Listing and Price Stabilization When the shares of the company are listed on the stock exchange and trading begins, the investment bank takes measures to establish the price of the securities. When there are not enough buyers, the bank will purchase the shares. The role of the investment bank in stabilizing the share price is essential. However, one must remember that such buying would last only for a short period of time because the IPO process already consumes a huge amount of capital investment. Step 5: Transition to Market Competition When the company's transition period to the normal competitive environment is over, the company is required to make disclosures like its financial results, significant news, etc. that is material in nature and can affect the price of the shares. The role of the investment bank is still significant. It can continue as an advisor to the company and assist in increasing the price of the shares over a period of time. Conclusion The above mentioned are the IPO process steps for a successful listing. An IPO can change the fortunes of the company and it can grow at a rapid pace. Apart from the company, investors can also reap the benefits of an IPO by investing in them. Since there are many risks and uncertainties associated with a company going public, good research before investment can be fruitful. The investors can compare the company with its peers and check its fundamentals before investing. An investor must also consider his risk appetite and availability of funds before investing money in the IPOs. If you are an investor and need any assistance regarding investing in the stock market, you can contact IndiaNivesh.Disclaimer: "Investment in securities market and Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing."
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IPO Allotment Status – All you need to know about IPO Allotment Process
Posted by Mehul Kothari | Published on 14 Jan 2020Initial Public Offerings have been in existence for a long time. But recently they have come under a lot of limelight. In the July-September period of last year, funds to the tune of USD 0.86 billion were raised from just 10 IPOs. And as per an EY report, IPOs are expected to gain more momentum in 2020. IPOs or Initial Public Offer are the buzzwords these days. Especially after the successful ones like IRCTC and Ujjivan Bank. Indian stock exchanges (BSE & NSE) ranked 6th worldwide in the highest number of IPOs in Quarter 3 of 2019. Read on to understand the IPO Allotment process in detail. Important aspects of bidding in an IPO Before we move to the allotment, we should know some important basics about IPO bidding. These days, most IPOs take the book building route. Some important terms to be aware of: Price Band Each IPO involves a price band. It is a price range within which applicants can make their IPO bids. The upper limit (or maximum price) is s the cap price. The lower limit of the price band is the floor price. The final issues price (known as the cut-off price) is decided based on the bids received. Lots The total shares (on offer in the IPO) are divided into small lots. Each applicant needs to bid in these lots and not for individual shares. For instance, if a company intends to issue 1 lakh shares and the lot size is 20 shares per lot. Hence, the total number of lots on offer is 5,000. As per the SEBI guidelines, applicants cannot bid for shares quantity which is lower than the lot size. Also, bidding for lots in decimals (such as 1.5 lots) is not permitted. It is important to note that the lot size is applicable only at the stage of IPO allotment. Post listing, investors can trade their shares in the market in whatever quantity they want. ASBA ASBA stands for Application Supported by Blocked Amount. This facility lets you bid in IPOs without paying any money upfront. The amount remains blocked in the bank account and is deducted only after the allotment. IPO Allotment process Share allotment in an IPO needs to be done as per the SEBI guidelines. With the changes introduced by the regulator in 2012, all RII (Retail Institutional Investors) applications need to be treated equally. Some important points about IPO Allotment process: Only bids which are equal to or higher than the issue price qualify for allotment. Retail applicants (with qualified bids) need to be allotted the minimum application size, subject to stock availability in the aggregate. Apart from retail investors, there are two other types of investors in an IPO – QIB (Qualified Institutional Buyers) and NII (Non-Institutional Investors). Allotment to them is done on a proportionate basis. Post submission of all the bids, a computerised application is used to eliminate all invalid bids. This helps to identify the number of successful bids. There can be two situations –Under subscription (number of applications received is lesser than the total lot of shares offered) and Oversubscription (number of applications received is higher than the total lot of shares on offer). Allotment Rules for over and under subscription In case of an under subscription, every investor gets full allotment, regardless of the application size. For retail investors, in case of an IPO oversubscription, the max number of retail applicants eligible for allotment of the minimum bid lot is determined by using this formula – Total no. of shares available for RII (Retail Individual Investors) divided by Minimum Bid Lot. If the IPO is oversubscribed by a huge margin, the final allotment is done through a computerised lottery method. This would mean that some applicants will not get any allotment. If the oversubscription is not by a huge margin, then all applicants will get the minimum bid lot and the balance is proportionality allotted to applicants who had bid for multiple lots. IPO Allotment Status IPO Allotment Status of each applicant gives the details regarding the number of shares applied for and final allocation in the IPO. The IPO status details are available online on the website of the registrar. Each IPO has a specific registrar such as Karvy, Linkintime, etc. Applicants can check their IPO allotment status by providing details such as PAN, IPO application number, etc. IPO Allotment Status Online is available within one week of the IPO closing date. The entire allocation process takes almost 10 business days. In the case of non-allotment within that period, the amount paid by the applicant is refunded back. The registrar also publishes an allotment document which has all the details regarding the IPO allotment such as the total number of applications received, IPO allotment calculations, etc. Why were shares not allotted to you in the IPO? There can be three reasons for this. Invalid Bid Bids in an IPO can be rejected or considered invalid for numerous reasons. Some of these are invalid Demat or PAN details, incomplete information, multiple applications by the same person, etc. Over Subscription Oversubscription means that the demand for the company’s shares exceeds the number of shares issued. In case of a hugely oversubscribed IPO, the shares are allotted based on a lottery. The rationale being that every applicant has an equal chance. If your name does not come up in the lucky draw, you will not be allotted the shares. Bid Price is below the issue price IPOs following the book building route requires applicants to bid for lots as well as the price they are willing to pay. If the bid price you have submitted is less than the final issue price, you will not get any IPO allotments. If you want to stay on top of the IPO game, a financial expert can be of great help. A partner like IndiaNivesh, who has more than 11 years of experience in the Indian markets, can keep you informed about all the upcoming IPOs and help you make the most of it. Disclaimer: "Investment in securities market and Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing."
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Tax Saving FD – Know About Tax Saving Fixed Deposit
Posted by Mehul Kothari | Published on 14 Jan 2020Every salaried individual as well as a business person is required to pay taxes as per the income tax laws. While paying taxes, we all aim to legally save it in some way or the other. But how do we do that? It is the most confusing question for most of the taxpayers. One of the excellent ways of saving taxes is by investing in tax-saving investment schemes. They not only help you save taxes but are also instrumental in effectively achieving your financial goals. There are many investment avenues available in the market that either offer tax exemption or tax deduction. Having said that, selecting the most suitable and right tax-saving investments may not come easy for everyone. While choosing the right scheme, one needs to access several factors such as safety, returns and liquidity, among other things. A very popular tax-saving investment option among taxpayers is investments under section 80C. As per section 80C of the Income Tax Act, 1961, investments of up to Rs. 1.5 lakhs can be claimed as a deduction. Tax saving fixed deposit is a type of fixed deposit where you can get a deduction of maximum Rs. 1.5 lakhs under section 80C. To arrive at the net taxable income, the amount invested in tax saving FD is to be deducted from gross total income. Let us learn about some of the important points that you must consider before investing in tax saving FD. Things to Know About Tax Saving Fixed Deposit Investment in tax saving FD can be done by individuals and Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) only. The minimum amount for fixed deposits varies from bank to bank. Income tax saving FD has a lock-in period of 5 years. You cannot make premature withdrawals and loans against these FDs. Investment in these FDs can be made only through private or public sector banks. Rural and co-operative banks are not eligible for these FDs. Tax-saving fixed deposits can be held in ‘singly' or 'jointly'. When the holding is in joint mode, the tax benefit is available to the first holder. Tax saving FD interest rates vary from bank to bank. The interest rate ranges from 5.5% – 7.75%. However, note that some banks offer higher rates on FDs to the senior citizens. These fixed deposits have nomination facilities. The interest earned on the income tax saving FD is taxable according to the investor’s tax bracket. The interest on tax saving FD is payable on a monthly or quarterly basis. The main advantage of investing in tax saving fixed deposits is that they are less risky in comparison to equities. Since many banks offer this type of FD, let us learn about its details. Banks and Income Tax Saving FDs SBI Tax Saving FD Tax saving FD interest rates of SBI is 6.25% for general customers and 6.75% for senior citizens. The maximum deposit in a year is Rs. 1 lakh and the minimum deposit is Rs. 1,000. By using a tax saving FD calculator you can know the amount receivable after the lock-in period of 5 years depending on the maturity period of your FD. HDFC Bank Tax Saving FD Tax saving FD in the HDFC Bank can be opened with a minimum amount of Rs. 100. The maturity period of this FD is 10 years. Tax saving FD interest rates is 6.30%. Senior citizens get an added benefit of 50 basis points over general customers. ICICI Bank Tax Saving FD The interest rate on tax saving fixed deposits at the ICICI Bank to the general customers is 6.6% and for senior citizens, the interest rate is 7.10%. These rates are applicable to FDs having a maturity period of 5 to 10 years. The maximum amount that can be deposited is Rs. 1.5 lakhs and the minimum amount for opening tax saving FD at the ICICI Bank is Rs. 10,000. PNB Tax Saving FD Punjab National Bank offers an interest rate of 6.30% on a five-year tax saving FD. The minimum amount for opening tax saving FD at the PNB Bank is Rs. 5,000. Bank of Baroda Tax Saving FD Bank of Baroda offers an interest rate of 6.30% on a five-year tax saving FD. The Bottom Line The above mentioned are the basic details about the major banks that offer income tax saving FDs. You may access each individual option carefully and select the suitable one after doing good research. You can find all the basic information on the bank’s website. If you want to find out the returns that you will be earning from the fixed deposit, you can access the tax saving FD calculator and find out the returns by entering your fixed deposit details. If you want to learn more about income tax saving FD or want to learn about other investment options, you can contact IndiaNivesh. We are among one of the most trusted and value-enhancing financial groups in India.Disclaimer: "Investment in securities market and Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing."
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How to select the right mutual fund scheme
Mutual funds are a great way to invest your money and earn good returns in the future. But at the same time, you also know that mutual funds are subject to market risks. It is possible to lose money when you invest in mutual funds. Every advertisement on TV regarding mutual fund performance mentions this. So, how can you select the right mutual funds for your portfolio to achieve investment success?Well, let’s find out some of the factors you need to keep in mind before selecting a mutual fund1) Fund performanceImagine you have a long-term financial goal like buying a house. You know that you want to invest in equity funds. You may be interested in a particular fund. But is that the right choice for you? One of the first steps is to look at the mutual fund performance ranking. Look at the past reports of the fund to get a better idea of its performance. However, don’t look only at the recent performance. You need to analyse the fund’s performance over a significant period -so that you have adequate information to aid in decision making. This activity helps you get a snapshot of its past performance but it is important to remember that best mutual fund scheme performance is not the sole criterion to select a fund. 2) Experience level of the fund managerThe fund manager’s role is to ensure a mutual fund meets its financial goals at the right time. And to achieve this goal, a fund manager has to move funds accordingly, between different investing instruments. The fund manager has a very important role in the overall performance of the fund. So, as the investor, you need to take a look at the fund manager’s experience and past performance. You can also take a look at some of the other funds under his control. See how these funds have performed to get a better idea of the best mutual fund scheme to invest. 3) Expense ratioExpense ratio is the annual fee that is charged on mutual funds. This fee can vary between different kinds of funds. This depends on various factors such as the size of the fund and the category of investment. In addition, the investment strategy can also determine the expense ratio of a fund. For example, passive index funds which require limited investment strategy have lower expense ratios. Expense ratio is an important factor to look at because it can have an impact on your profits. Higher the expense ratio, lower will be your returns. 4) Exit loadExit load is a fee that is collected by the fund house when an investor leaves the mutual fund scheme. This cost is generally deducted as a fraction of your Net Asset Value (NAV). Compare different fund houses and identify which of them offer lower exit loads. This can help you retain a significant portion of your earnings at the time you leave the fund.The last wordThere are thousands of mutual funds in the market. Identifying the right fund for your portfolio is an important task in order to select the best mutual fund scheme for sip. By looking at the above factors, you can select any or a number of the best 10 mutual fund scheme that can help you maximize your returns in the long run.A number of useful resources are available that can help you to choose the right mutual fund. If you need in-depth guidance and assistance in selecting the right fund according to your risk appetite, you can opt for the expert services of a financial advisor. It is crucial to be restrained, reasonable and stay away from being influenced by short-term price fluctuations in the market. At the end of the day, it is essential to remember your financial objectives and the ultimate goal to build wealth in the end.Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.
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Mistakes to avoid while investing in debt
Remember the first time you tried to swim? You probably swung your arms and legs in every direction trying to stay afloat in the water. But when the coach came and corrected your mistakes, you started swimming better. It is always easy to perform a task in a better way once you know the mistakes that you’d naturally make. This way, you can avoid the mistakes altogether and concentrate on the task. Same is the case with investments such as debt instruments. In this article, let’s explore some of the common mistakes to avoid while investing in debt instruments. 1) Investing in low-quality bondsDon’t invest in bonds that have a low credit quality. Each and every bond in the market is given a grade to indicate its credit quality. Independent rating services offer these ratings on bonds. Bonds with a rating of AAA (or Aaa) are investment grade bonds and are considered to be of the highest quality. In comparison, bonds with a rating of B or C are considered to be junk bonds. Such bonds offer a higher rate of interest in order to attract investors. Avoid bonds as a debt investment if you are interested in stable and consistent returns. 2) Ignoring inflationDebt instruments like bonds offer stable returns and reduce volatility in your portfolio. However, in the long term, the returns may not be very high. This can be a big problem when inflation comes into the equation. For instance, imagine you buy a 15-year bond that offers 5% fixed coupon rate. Since the returns remain constant, your purchasing power may in fact come down over the years due to inflation. Keeping this in mind, it is a good idea to expand your horizon and incorporate investments that offer higher returns to your portfolio. 3) Investment-goal mismatchIdentify your investment goals and invest accordingly such as in short term debt instruments. It sounds simple but surprisingly, many investors make mistakes in this aspect. For example, the common goal of people nearing retirement is to earn a little income in addition to capital protection. Here, the priority is capital security. In this scenario, investing in emerging market debt or a junk bond may not be the right decision. Instead look for a bond (government bonds, for example) that offers low volatility and capital safety. 4) Selling bonds when interest rates riseBond prices have an inverse relationship with interest rates. That means, when interest rates rise up, bond prices go down and vice versa. As a result, the price of a bond can vary subject to the change in interest rates. Many fixed income investors tend to dispose their investments based on these fluctuations. However, this is not the right option. It is best to hold your securitised debt instruments until the maturity date. This is because of the simple fact that you could end up with a loss in case you sell your bond and the interest rates move in the opposite direction.To sum upDebt instruments are known to offer stable returns and safety of capital (not to forget peace of mind). However, it is important to avoid the above mistakes investing in debt so that you can achieve the best returns possible on your investments.A number of investors have learnt that it is wise to invest steadily in the market. However, only a few of them track their investment performance on a regular basis. An appropriate review of your debt funds' performance can assure you stay aligned with your investment objectives. It is a good idea to comb out the funds that are not offering returns as good as their counterparts. However, a crucial point is that investors must provide sizeable amount of time to grow their debt instruments. In theory, a time frame a year and upwards must be given to a debt investment to obtain decent yields.Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.