What are futures and options?

Posted by Mehul Kothari | Published on 13 May 2019
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What are futures and options?

When it comes to the stock market, there are different instruments for investors to put their money in. One such mode of investment for short-term traders and investors is futures and options.


What are futures and options?

Futures and options are derivative contracts. Derivatives are instruments whose value is determined by an underlying asset. For example, a stock future’s value is determined by the price movements of the underlying share. A copper commodity option’s value is based on the price movements of copper.

Derivative contracts are basically a contract between two or more people with regards to the underlying asset. These contracts are not settled. Only the price difference is exchanged between the parties.


Basics of Futures and Options:

Let us understand futures and options meaning.

Futures:

A futures contract is an agreement between two or more parties where the delivery is fixed or committed. The difference between the market price and the contract price will have to be paid on delivery of the contract. A futures contract binds the two parties, i.e., the contract has to be settled. This means that at least one party benefits from the contract.

A futures contract can be based on any of the following:

• Stocks
• Exchanges
• Commodity
• Currency

Futures contracts must be settled between the parties even if one of the parties makes a loss in the process. The settlement date is usually mentioned in the futures contract.

There are two positions you can take in a futures contract. You can go “long”, which means you can decide to purchase or you can go “short” where you decide to sell.


Options:

Delivery or settlement in a futures contract is mandatory. However, in an options contract, you have the choice whether to settle the contract or not. It gives the investor a right but not an obligation to buy or sell the assets. This means an options buyer can disregard settling the contract if he finds there is no profit in it. The option holder can exercise the option at any point of time before the settlement date as well.

When buying an option, you need to pay a small sum called option premium. In case you don’t wish to settle the option, your loss will be restricted to the option premium amount paid. There are two types of options contracts:

• Call option
• Put option

In the call option, you go along with regards to the underlying asset, i.e., you are bound by the contract to purchase the underlying asset. A put option is the exact opposite where you are bound by the contract to sell the underlying asset. A call option trader believes the price of the underlying will exceed the contract price. In contrast, a put option trader believes the price of the underlying asset will fall below the contract price.

It is very important to understand the futures and options basics before investing in these instruments. Derivatives are inherently risky since the price movements cannot be predicted. You may want to take help from the research reports that are given by experts at IndiaNivesh Ltd. that will help you better understand the futures and options market.


How to trade in futures and options?

Futures and options are standardised contracts that are governed by the stock exchange rules. Since these are standardised, the minimum quantities of underlying assets are already stated by the stock exchange. The contracts between the two parties are fairly consistent with only the underlying assets, the delivery date and the price changing.

To invest in futures and options, you need to open a demat account and a trading account with a reputed broker like IndiaNivesh Ltd. It is possible to purchase futures and options online since these are listed on the stock exchange.

You can pick the futures or options contract you want to invest in through the trading account. For example, if you wish to purchase one lot of the index futures, you can pick that on your trading account and invest in it. In case of options, you need to pay a premium on the options contract.

The prices of futures and options change every day. As a trader, you can decide to sell your futures or wait till the end of the contract. These contracts can generally be of the following durations:

  • Near month – one month
  • Next month – two months
  • Far month – three months

The profit or loss on futures and options is calculated daily and either debited or credited from the trader’s margin.

To trade in futures and options in stock market, each trader needs to maintain a margin amount with his broker. When a derivative contract is purchased, the entire amount doesn’t have to be deposited. Only a small margin amount has to be deposited. The profit or loss isn’t debited or credited to this margin account unless the derivative contract is sold or settled. In case the minimum margin amount is reached, the trader gets a call to infuse further funds into the margin account.

Brokerage on futures and options has to be paid when the futures or options contract is bought or sold.

A futures contract is settled daily and the value is carried forward the next day. For example, suppose a trader purchases Nifty futures for 8000. The first day, the Nifty goes down to 7900. This means the trader has made a loss of Rs. 100. This loss is debited from his margin account and the price of 7900 is carried forward the next day for settlement. This is called Marked to Market or MTM settlement. When the futures contract expires, the price on the day before the settlement date is compared with the spot price and the difference is settled.

The settlement for options contracts are a little different. While purchasing options, a premium has to be paid. The entire premium amount doesn’t have to be paid, only the difference based on premiums outstanding and receivable for each investor.

The options trader has a choice to sell the option before expiry and book his profits. The system automatically settles options contracts by matching them on expiry. The settlement value is the difference between the options value and the spot price.

Derivatives are complicated instruments which require a level of expertise before investment. If you are considering investing in F&O segment, then it is better to get the futures and options basics understood perfectly before investing to prevent losing any money. Be sure to restrict your trades till you get experienced to reduce your losses. However, if you’re a savvy investor, derivatives provide another means to earn from the price differentials in the market.





Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

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What is Intraday Trading?

Posted by Mehul Kothari | Published on 13 May 2019

What is Intraday Trading and How to Do It?Stock market offers numerous opportunities to traders. In fact, it is one of the daily sources of income for many people. The reason why stock market trading is popular is because it has potential to generate enormous wealth. Moreover, with the right trading strategy in place, the sky is the limit for making profits. In this article, we will learn about intraday trading meaning and its related concept.Let us first learn about what is intraday trading.What is Intraday Trading?Intraday trading or day trading is buying and selling the stocks or securities on the same day. To put it in simple words, intraday trading is squaring off the transaction on the same day it takes place. The main objective of the trader in intraday trading is to book profits on the same day and not carry any overnight position in the market.As you are now very well aware of the intraday meaning. Let us read about some tips that would help you in becoming a successful intraday trader. The tips for Intraday Trading are as follows;Intraday Trading Tips• Trade in Liquid StockSince intraday trading involves squaring off the transaction on the same day, trading in liquid stocks is recommended. Liquid stocks means the stocks that have higher volume and one can easily find buyers and sellers for these stocks. Intraday trade can be settled only when there are sufficient buyers or sellers to purchase or sell a stock. This is possible only when the trading volume is high in stock. • Follow the NewsAnother important intraday trading tip is following the news regarding stocks. Stocks which are in news are often the most volatile. Intraday traders want to trade in volatile stocks due to big price movement which gives them immense opportunities. Also it is easy to predict the price movement of the stocks that have news inflow. A positive news brings the price up whereas a negative news brings the price down. • Technical ChartsTrading on the basis of technical chart reading is always the best. Charts help in predicting the future price movement. The different patterns on the chart suggest the possible future movement in the stock price. Technical chart reading is possible only after good training. If you want to trade in stocks on the basis of chart reading, you can open a demat account with IndiaNivesh. • Prepare a Trading ListTrading in a particular script or stock gives you a better hold of those stocks. You are able to easily predict the price movement in those stocks and trade accordingly. One can prepare a trading list after detailed analysis and in-depth study of the stocks. • Resistance LevelsAnother important intraday trading tip is trading as per the resistance levels of the stocks. The resistance levels of the stocks is that level beyond which the stock does not move. A trader keeps a watch on the resistance levels of the stock and then takes a trade. When the stock breaks the resistance levels, the trader quickly takes a position in that stock and grabs the advantage of sudden price movement. • Top Gainers and Top LosersTop gaining and losing stocks of the day offer immense opportunity to traders to trade in them and make a good profit. However, the selection of stocks for trading must be done carefully. Blindly following the list of top gainers or losers for intraday trading can lead to heavy losses and wipe out your capital. • Weekly Movement of StocksThe traders often trade in stocks after seeing their weekly price movement. They take the position in the stocks after studying the weekly close of the stock price. A detailed analysis of stocks suggests which stocks are suitable for intraday trading. As you are now aware of the tips for intraday, let us have a look at how to do intraday trading.How To Do Intraday TradingThe first and foremost requirement for Intraday Trading is to open a trading and demat account. The demat account can be opened with any broker who provides these services. Selection of a broker must be done by comparing the brokerage rates and services offered by the different brokers in the market. IndiaNivesh is one such broker that provides hassle-free services at competitive rates. After opening the demat account, the beginners in the stock market must know when they can execute intraday trades and the timings of the market. Timings of the Stock MarketThe stock market in India is open from Monday to Friday. Saturday and Sunday are holidays. The stock markets opens at 9 a.m. and closes at 3.30 p.m. The intraday traders can take positions in the stocks during the above-mentioned time period. It is recommended by the experts to avoid taking any trade position during the first trading hour of the market as during that time the stock market is volatile and taking an intraday position can be a risky strategy.Let us now have a look at the benefits of intraday trading.Benefits of Intraday Trading There is no risk of taking overnight positions in intraday trading. Any adverse event after the closure of the market does not affect the intraday trader. In intraday trading, traders have higher margin in comparison to the investors. The potential of Intraday Trading to generate returns is very high. If right trades are taken, an individual can make fortune out of intraday trading. The brokers often give a discount to the intraday traders and charge lesser brokerage. The goal of the Intraday Trading is to generate higher profits. If you are a beginner in the stock market, you can start intraday trading with lower amounts initially. And when you are well equipped, you can slowly increase the trading amount. All you need to do is trade in the right stock and understand the correct entry and exit points of the stock.Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

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Five questions to ask before you invest in an IPO

Posted by Mehul Kothari | Published on 13 May 2019

Investing in equities is one of the best ways to grow your capital to reach your financial goals. You can either invest in equities through the secondary market, where you buy shares that are already traded in the market or you can invest in the primary market through an IPO or Initial Public Offer. IPO investments are generally considered very risky since the market has not evaluated the performance of the company. In some cases, the shares lose their value on getting listed and that may take years to recover. However, there are benefits to this as well. The company shares may skyrocket in sometime and you may earn huge profits as well. It is possible to make smart investment in IPOs by asking a few questions before you invest. IPO investment is not simply investing in a popular issue. It is a legitimate way to increase your earnings through capital gains and dividends. This is why it is better to know the company before putting your funds in it. Here are 5 questions to ask before you invest in an IPO: 1. Company financials:Before putting in your hard earned money in an IPO investment, it is important to look at the company financials. There are a few indicators that you can check as a potential investor: Sales, operating profits and net profits quarter on quarter Expenses and composition of expenses such as sales expenses, administrative expenses, depreciation Debt levels Assets Cash and cash equivalent balances among others To evaluate the performance of a company, there are certain financial ratios that you can calculate. These ratios measure the performance of the company in terms of utilisation of assets, composition of assets, financial health etc. Some important ratios to calculate are: Debt equity ratio which calculates the ratio of debt and equity in the company’s balance sheet. The ideal debt equity ratio is 2:1, which means the debt should not be more than 2 times the equity of the company. Return on Equity ratio measures the income earned for the shareholders. This ratio can be compared for each year to find out whether the company is growing its earnings. Current ratio measures the ratio of current assets to current liabilities. This helps to understand whether the current assets will be enough to meet the current liabilities when they fall due. The ideal current ratio should be 2:1 at the least. Quick ratio measures the quick assets i.e. current assets without illiquid assets such as inventory and debtors against current liabilities. The ideal quick ratio should be 1:1 ideally. By evaluating these ratios, you can get an idea about the financial performance and health of the company. This can help you decide whether the investment is worthwhile or not. 2. Peer performance:This is a crucial indicator while making an investment decision. Peer performance should be evaluated in a similar manner to the company’s performance i.e. by checking financial ratios and the expense and income figures. An important part of this analysis is to also look into the sector in which the company is operating. If the company is operating in a distressed sector, or a sector facing a lot of structural issues, it is probably better to avoid investing in the IPO and decide to invest at a later date. 3. Share valuation:Each company that is about to list puts out its share valuation. There are different types of issues; fixed price issues where the price is decided and a book building issue. In the book building issue, the share price is usually set up as a price band and the final price depends on the different bids received. The cap price is a maximum of 20% of the floor price. The company has to disclose the basis for valuation of shares in their prospectus. The prospectus is available on the stock exchange websites and on the company website. 4. History of the company:This doesn’t refer to just the financial performance of the company. It also refers to how the company grew to its present size. It also includes information about the company promoters and the current management team. A company’s management can go a long way in determining its future success. One way to find out about the history of the company and its current and future growth potential is to read the annual reports of the company. As a part of the Director’s Report, there is generally an exhaustive summary on the company’s past and an outlook for the future. It also briefly touches on the management. It is important to look at the number of directors in the company, especially independent directors. The reason for doing such exhaustive fundamental research is because a strong management team will ensure funds are used properly to grow the company. 5. Fund usage: As per SEBI rules, a company that wants to list its shares on the stock exchange has to disclose the usage of funds in the prospectus. It is important to verify the reason for the company’s listing. A listing is essentially a fundraising exercise. If you’re recommended investing in a particular IPO, you can question before investing in IPO. Most companies use the funds for their growth and expansion. Besides the above 5 factors, there are numerous other small points that you may want to consider before investing in an IPO. Wondering where you can find these? Well, you can refer to the research reports by experts in the field. You can find such reports from IndiaNivesh Ltd. and you can get them by opening an account with IndiaNivesh Ltd. If you’re wondering how to invest in IPO in India, there are two ways: Offline investment Online investment In an offline investment, a form needs to be filled up by the investor and share ASBA account details. This needs to be submitted to your broker who will enter it in the system and submit your application. Online investment in an IPO is possible through your trading account. If you’re thinking on how to invest in IPO online then you can check your online trading account for an option to put in a few lots. Once the issue is closed and shares are allotted, the money will get debited from your bank account. By making sure you do adequate due diligence, you can ensure you use an IPO to grow your capital.     Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

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  • Stock Charts – Importance of Stock Charts in Share Market
    Posted by Mehul Kothari | Published on 15 Nov 2019

    Often when people begin their investment journey in the stock market, they are swamped with multiple questions in their mind. The very first basic question that comes to the mind is how to determine which stock to purchase and which to avoid. Well, the answer to this question is - stock charts. The stock charts help you in evaluating and gathering all the important information that you must consider before purchasing a stock. By learning stock pattern analysis you can not only become a successful investor but also a successful trader. In this article, you will be learning the different aspects of stock chart reading. Let us first understand what are stock charts? What are Stock Charts? Stock chart is a sequence of prices plotted on a graph over a different timeframe. The y-axis i.e. the vertical axis of the chart represents the price and the x-axis i.e. horizontal axis of the chart represents the time period. Learning and understanding stock chart reading may look like a tough task initially but with little practice, you can master the art. All you need is the correct understanding of the basics of chart reading. They can help you predict the future price movement correctly. Let us now understand the various aspects of stock charts. What are the aspects of Stock Charts? Price and Volume The charts are generally divided into two parts; the price of the stock and the volume of the stock. For correct stock chart analysis and reading of stock chart patterns, it is important to read both price and volume together. This is because if you look only at the movement of the price you would not know how genuine the buying or selling is. For example, a stock has fallen over 5%. Initially, it may look very bad but if the fall is with lower volumes than the average, you may continue to hold the stock because the selling is not done by large retailers who drive the market. The same is the case when the stock is rising but with lower volumes. This rise in the stock price could be fake because when the big players enter the stock there would be a huge rise in the volumes.  Moving Average Lines Moving average lines are very important to understand the performance of a stock. They represent the movement of the share price over a period of time. With the help of moving average lines, you can understand whether the stock is overbought or oversold by large retail participants. The mutual funds and big institutions follow the stock chart patterns and change their positions in stocks when the price rises or moves below the moving average point on the graph. The key moving average points can be a 50-day line, 15-week line, etc. When the stock falls below the benchmark moving average line, the big players often sell their holding and exit the stock. Similarly, when the price moves above the benchmark moving average line, the big players enter and the stock price can rise sharply. Relative Strength Line Relative strength line helps to identify if the stock is a market leader or laggard. This is done by comparing the performance of a stock with the index i.e. Nifty or Sensex. A sharp line rising upwards on the graph indicates that the stock is outperforming the market while a sharp line downwards is an indication that the stock is a laggard and underperforming the overall market. The stock comes in the leadership territory when the Relative Strength line is rising for a breakout and set for a new high in the market. After learning about the various aspects of stock charts, let us learn about some of the basic stock chart patterns. Stock Chart Patterns Daily Stock Chart A daily stock chart on a graph represents the movement of the stock price on a specific day of trading. The day traders use daily stock chart patterns to take intraday positions. The chart has multiple moving day averages like 50 days, 100 days, etc. which the traders monitor continuously to take positions. When the stock rises sharply it is represented by a sharp line rising upwards and when the stock falls, the graph shows a sharp fall in the line. Weekly Stock Chart Just like a daily stock chart represents the stock price movement on a single day, similarly, the weekly stock chart represents the price summary of stock for a single week. This chart is generally used to forecast the price of stocks for the long-term. The weekly charts can display longer-term data on the screen which makes it easy for the analysts and investors to determine the long term trend of a stock. The new investors often get confused between the weekly and daily charts. The confusion is mainly regarding which charts are suitable for them. This section of the article will try to resolve that dilemma. Daily Vs. Weekly Charts The daily charts are said to be good for the traders who are looking for volume and price action on an intraday basis. The stocks on daily charts are said to be giving a breakout when it breaches the 50-day line on either side. On the other hand, for long term investors, weekly charts are ideal. These charts forecast the long term price of a stock along with its trend. It also keeps the investor's emotions under control as they can take wrong decisions looking at the volatile daily chart movements. The Bottom Line There is no doubt about the importance of stock charts in the share market. You can decode the price movement on charts and take advantage of it by making profits. If you want to learn more about stock chart reading and indulge in trading or investing based on it, you can contact IndiaNivesh Ltd. We are one of the most trusted and value-enhancing financial group with new technologies in India.   Disclaimer: "Investment in securities market and Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing."

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  • Share Market Investment – Can I Invest all my Money in Stocks
    Posted by Mehul Kothari | Published on 14 Nov 2019

    Very often, you hear people making a fortune by making investments in the share markets and get lured to invest all our savings in it. Without a doubt, share market investments have helped investors grow their wealth and achieve financial goals. Investing in the stock market is essential for long-term wealth creation, as the returns generated by equities in the long-run have consistently outperformed the returns generated by any other asset classes, but investing all your money in share market is neither wise nor advisable. Shares are extremely volatile and carry a high degree of risk. If you are a beginner in the share market and the success stories of others have made you consider shares as an investment option, it is important to understand that there is no quick and easy way to make money in the share market overnight. Investing in the share market wisely requires you to have patience and also an understanding of how the stock market works. Why should you invest in the share market?1. Potentially higher returns which help beat inflation Equity investments have the potential to generate higher returns as compared to other investments in the long-run. One of the biggest challenges in the investment world today is finding investments where returns beat inflation.2. Dividend Income At the end of each financial year, a company declares dividends to be distributed to shareholders in proportion to their holdings, from the profits earned in that year. Thus, apart from long-term capital appreciation, investing in shares entitles you to the dividend income.3. Liquidity The shares are listed on the stock exchange and can be bought and sold through the exchange platform seamlessly. Share market tips for beginners If you are a beginner in the share market, here are few important stock market investment tips for you to help you guide with your investments1. Define your investment objectives Before considering investing in shares, or for that matter any instrument, it is important that you clearly define your investment objective along with the time frame for it. Investments in the stock market have the potential of higher growth in the long-term but are the extreme volatility in the short-run. If you are looking at investing your money for a fairly long time, you will benefit tremendously by investing in shares as compared to other less volatile assets. As stock markets are volatile in nature, investing for short-term investment needs is not advisable. 2. Assess your risk tolerance When it comes to investment decisions, assessing your tolerance to risk is extremely important as it is individual for each investor. 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You need to diversify your portfolio in various asset classes to get maximise your returns and minimise risk for your investments. Your investment objective, risk profile, time horizon all play an important role in ascertaining how much can you and should you invest shares. If you are wondering where to start, then just get in touch with our financial experts from IndiaNivesh to guide you with your investments.Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

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  • Mutual Fund Performance - Five ways to measure Mutual Fund Performance
    Posted by Mehul Kothari | Published on 18 Sep 2019

    Mutual fund investment plans have emerged as a preferred investment choice for a large number of investors in the last few years. Earlier, most of the households invested their savings in traditional investments like FDs, PPFs, and gold. However, the need for better returns from their savings and growing awareness of other investment options, have led investors to move away from traditional investments and explore other options such as mutual funds.What are mutual funds? In simple words, mutual funds are pooled investments from a large number of investors. They collect money from various individuals and entities that have a common investment objective and subsequently invest this pool of money in various stocks, bonds, and other securities. Thus, mutual fund investment plans allow you to distribute your invested money in a large number of securities than you could put in your portfolio. As a mutual fund investor, you hold units that represent a portion of your holdings in the scheme. Why is it advantageous to invest in mutual funds? Mutual fund investment no doubt is one of the smartest investments for almost any investor. Here are a few of its advantages:1. Simple A mutual fund is the simplest way to invest in capital markets for higher returns. If you are a novice but wish to invest in the capital markets, then mutual funds provide you with the simplest platform to invest in a healthy mix of stocks, bonds, and other securities.2. Easily accessible Mutual funds’ investments are easily accessible for all investors and as an investor, you can start investing in mutual funds for an amount as low as Rs. 500. 3. Diverse Mutual funds allow you to diversify your portfolio as you can gain access to different segments of the market through various mutual fund investment plans. Thus, you can invest in a variety of assets, sectors, securities, etc. 4. Professionally managed Mutual fund schemes are professionally managed by fund managers who have the expertise, time and resources and make sound investment decisions based upon the objective of the scheme.As the number of mutual fund schemes available in the markets has increased dramatically, evaluating the performance of mutual funds is of utmost importance to make wise investment choices. If you are wondering which is the best mutual fund to invest right now and how to evaluate the performance of mutual funds, then here is a simple guide for you. Top 5 measures to evaluate the performance of a mutual fund1. Compare performance with an appropriate benchmarkFor every mutual fund, there is a benchmark index to which you can compare the mutual fund performance. If your mutual fund investment is consistently generating higher than the benchmark, then it reflects the ability of the fund manager to manage the portfolio better. The important aspect here is to compare the mutual fund performance with an appropriate benchmark.Even when you are comparing it with different mutual fund schemes always look at the returns of other funds from the same category with a similar investment objective. Comparing the performance of a midcap fund with that of a large-cap fund would be like comparing apples to oranges. Hence, be careful and make relevant comparisons to see the performance of mutual funds. 2. Alpha Alpha of the fund helps measure the performance of the mutual fund on a risk-adjusted basis. Alpha takes into account the volatility of the mutual fund and compares the risk-adjusted performance of the fund to the benchmark. A positive alpha indicates that the fund manager has managed to outperform your mutual fund investments as compared to the benchmark. Similarly, a lower alpha indicates an underperformance of the fund as compared to the benchmark. Thus, the more positive the alpha of a fund, the better it is. 3. BetaApart from the risk associated with the security due to the nature of the asset class, every investment is exposed to a systematic risk which is due to the state of the economy or market in general and is unavoidable.The beta ratio captures this market risk of your investment. A higher beta indicates that the fund will be more volatile than the market. So, if a fund has a beta of 1.15 then it is 15% more volatile than the market. Note: Alpha & Beta both are risk ratios and are crucial means to find out the performance of mutual funds. The two ratios help you to determine the returns generated as compared to the risks undertaken. As an investor, you should look at funds that have a higher alpha and lower beta. 4. Portfolio diversification The advantage of investing through mutual funds is that they help you diversify your portfolio. A well-diversified portfolio helps you to mitigate the risks associated with investing in funds focussed on too few stocks or sectors or asset classes. So, to ensure that you achieve the desired results, you should review the holdings in your mutual fund. You can check the portfolio of your mutual fund by looking at the fund fact sheet. 5. Expense RatioOne of the biggest challenges for mutual funds is the high fees associated with it. Running any mutual fund involves costs that need to be borne by the investor. The expense ratio is the percentage of money spent to pay the salary of the fund manager, his team and other expenses. So, if the expense ratio of a mutual fund is high then it will reduce the overall returns generated by your mutual fund investments. So, while choosing a fund you should also see that the expense ratio is not very high. Here is a list of best mutual funds for 2019 across popular categories you may consider for investing now: The Bottom LineChoosing to invest in mutual fund investment plans is just the start of your journey as an investor. The important aspect of any investment decision is that it helps you achieve your goals within the desired time frame and considers your tolerance to risk. Mutual fund portfolios are tailor-made to meet your unique goals and are one of the best ways to achieve your investment objectives.So, if you want help with your mutual fund investment portfolio or you want to find the best mutual funds to invest now or simply want guidance, you can always seek assistance from a platform like IndiaNivesh. Their experts will help you build a portfolio that’s best suited for you.Disclaimer: Investment in securities market / Mutual Funds are subject to market risks, read all the related documents carefully before investing.

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